How To Build A Hydraulic Press?

Building a hydraulic press requires a combination of mechanical design, hydraulic system knowledge, and safety regulations. The following is a full process from design to testing:

1. Clarify the purpose and tonnage
*Application scenario: determine whether it is used for metal forming, plastic pressing, or laboratory research
*Tonnage calculation: calculate the tonnage based on the compressive strength of the material and the size of the workpiece.

2. Structural selection

Frame type:
*C-frame: compact, suitable for limited space
*H-frame: high rigidity, suitable for heavy operations

3. Hydraulic system: choose a manual pump (low cost) or an electric pump (high degree of automation).

1. Core materials
*Frame: Use high-strength steel plate (such as Q235B, thickness ≥8mm), weld reinforcement ribs at key parts

*Hydraulic cylinder: cast iron or forged steel material can be selected; the inner diameter is calculated according to the tonnage (such as a 20-ton press requires a cylinder diameter of about 50mm).

*Workbench: 5mm thick steel plate, triangular reinforcement ribs welded at the bottom

2. Key components
*Hydraulic pump: manual pump (low cost) or electric plunger pump

*Control valve: overflow valve (overload protection), throttle valve (speed regulation).

*Seal: high-pressure resistant O-ring (such as NBR material, temperature resistant -20~100℃).

3. Tool list
Cutting equipment (plasma cutting machine), welding tools (argon arc welding machine), machine tool processing equipment (lathe, drilling machine).

1. Frame welding
* Columns and beams: Use 45° bevel joint to enhance rigidity
* Stress release: Heat to 600℃ annealing after welding to eliminate residual stress.

2. Workbench design
* Height adjustment: Drill and install guide columns (20mm diameter, 150mm spacing) to facilitate adjustment of pressing height
* Surface treatment: Spray anti-rust paint after grinding.

1. Pump and cylinder installation
* Pump body fixation: Use L-shaped bracket to weld to the frame base to ensure alignment with the cylinder axis
* Seal test: Run the pump without a load to check whether the oil circuit is leaking

2. Pressure control
* Overflow valve setting: The initial pressure is set to 80% of the rated value and gradually increased to the target tonnage.
* Safety interlock: Install emergency stop button and overload protection circuit

1. Mold installation
* Upper mold fixing: Fasten with the pressing plate through the T-slot to ensure that it coincides with the piston axis.
* Lower mold positioning: Use positioning pins to reduce offset

2. Auxiliary devices
* Cooling system: Circulating water cooling (suitable for continuous operation to prevent excessive oil temperature).
* Automation: PLC control of stroke and pressure is optional

1. No-load test
* No-load reciprocating operation 10 times, check for abnormal noise or jamming of each component.

2. Load test
* Load in stages to 50%, 80%, and 100% of the rated tonnage, maintain pressure for 5 minutes each time, and monitor frame deformation
* Use a dial indicator to detect the parallelism of the table (the error should be <0.1mm/m).

3. Safety verification
* Simulate overload conditions to confirm that the overflow valve releases pressure in time.
* Check the firmness of the protective cover

Personal protection
* Impact-proof goggles and anti-cut gloves must be worn

Operation process
* Place the workpiece in the center and keep your hands away from the pressure head area.
* It is forbidden to adjust the mold or clean up debris during operation.

Oil leakage
* Cause: aging of seals or loose oil circuit joints.
* Solution: Replace O-rings and tighten joints with thread glue.

Insufficient pressure
* Cause: Pump leakage or plunger wear.
* Solution: Grind the plunger surface and replace the plunger pump.

Servo control

* Replace the manual pump with a servo motor drive to achieve precise closed-loop control of pressure and stroke

Modular design

* Design a replaceable mold interface to adapt to various processes such as stamping, bending, and stretching

Through the above standardized process, a basic hydraulic press can be built.  Wuhan Mairuiduo Trading Co., Ltd. will strictly follow the industrial-grade process standards, select high-strength steel and sealing components, and ensure that each machine has stable pressure output and reliable mechanical performance.

If you pursue higher precision or need to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production, please contact us immediately to obtain exclusive technical solutions. 

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